bitpie手机版|television
- 作者: bitpie手机版
- 2024-03-08 22:32:17
TELEVISION中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典
TELEVISION中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典
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英语-中文（简体）
television 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译
televisionnoun [ C or U ] uk
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/ˈtel.ɪ.vɪʒ.ən/ /ˌtel.ɪˈvɪʒ.ən/ us
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/ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən/ (also TV); (UK informal telly)
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A1 a device shaped like a box with a screen that receives electrical signals and changes them into moving images and sound, or the method or business of sending images and sound by electrical signals
电视机;电视;电视广播业
a 3D/an HD television
3D／高清电视
Could you turn the television down?
你把电视声音调小点好吗？
It's one of the few television programmes that I still watch.
这是我一直坚持看的少数几个电视节目之一。
Is there anything good on television tonight?
今晚有什么好看的电视节目吗？
Clare has worked in television since she left college.
克莱尔大学毕业后一直在电视业界工作。
Your problem is that you watch too much television.
你的问题在于电视看得太多。
更多范例减少例句Our new television has a very clear picture.You said we could watch television when we've finished our homework.The news on television tonight was very depressing, as usual.I wish they'd show more dramas and documentaries on television, instead of all these quizzes and reality TV shows.
(television在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)
television的例句
television
Two of the video sequences in this act portray this perfection by processing television adverts which feature female and male models.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Perhaps the programme is trying to make a point about the proliferation of tied-in music on television.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Moreover, the television scenario in which the actors are performing champions a trendy expressive style.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
One of the reasons for the full publication of the transcripts of the various programmes was precisely this non-national nature of television coverage.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Again, as expected, only the low-interested voters are likely to consider changing their vote as the result of exposure to television news.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The media are not a single entity, but having said that, newspapers and commercial television stations are businesses, motivated by economic concerns.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
While we would not expect spending on local television advertising to correlate perfectly with campaign visits to a state, the two should be strongly related.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The experience of watching a television broadcast is far less involving.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
A1
television的翻译
中文（繁体）
電視機, 電視, 電視廣播業…
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西班牙语
televisión, televisión [feminine, singular]…
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葡萄牙语
televis~o, televisor, televisão [feminine]…
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in Marathi
日语
土耳其语
法语
加泰罗尼亚语
in Dutch
in Tamil
in Hindi
in Gujarati
丹麦语
in Swedish
马来语
德语
挪威语
in Urdu
in Ukrainian
俄语
in Telugu
阿拉伯语
in Bengali
捷克语
印尼语
泰语
越南语
波兰语
韩语
意大利语
टेलीविजन, दूरचित्रवणी…
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テレビ, テレビ番組, テレビ放送…
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televizyon, televizyon programları, televizyonculuk işi/sistemi…
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télévision [feminine], télévision, téléviseur…
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televisor, televisió…
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televisie, televisietoestel…
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மின் சமிக்ஞைகளைப் பெற்று அவற்றை நகரும் படங்கள் மற்றும் ஒலியாக மாற்றும் திரை கொண்ட பெட்டியைப் போல வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட சாதனம் அல்லது மின் சமிக்ஞைகளால் படங்களையும் ஒலியையும் அனுப்பும் முறை அல்லது வணிகம்…
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टेलीविज़न…
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ટેલિવિઝન, દૂરદર્શન…
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tv, fjernsyn…
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television, tv, tv-apparat…
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siaran televisyen, televisyen…
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das Fernsehen, der Fernseher…
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TV [masculine], fjernsyn, fjernsynsapparat…
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ٹیلی ویژن…
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телебачення, телевізор…
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телевизор, телевидение…
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టీవి…
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تِليفِزْيون, بَرْنامَج تِليفِزيوني…
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টেলিভিশন, একটি স্ক্রিন সহ একটি বাক্সের মতো আকৃতির একটি ডিভাইস যা বৈদ্যুতিক সংকেত গ্রহণ করে এবং সেগুলিকে চলমান চিত্র এবং শব্দে পরিবর্তন করে বা বৈদ্যুতিক সংকেত দ্বারা চিত্র এবং শব্দ পাঠানোর পদ্ধতি বা ব্যবসা…
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televize, televizní přístroj…
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televisi, pesawat televisi…
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โทรทัศน์, เครื่องรับโทรทัศน์…
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sự truyền hình, vô tuyến…
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telewizor, telewizja…
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텔레비젼, 텔레비젼 프로그램, 텔레비젼(방송)…
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televisore, televisione…
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television的发音是什么？
在英语词典中查看 television 的释义
浏览
televangelism
televangelist
televise
televised
television
televisual
telework
teleworker
teleworking
television更多的中文(简体)翻译
全部
cable television
breakfast television
closed-circuit television
pay television, at pay TV
pirate radio/television station
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“每日一词”
healthspan
UK
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/ˈhelθ.spæn/
US
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/ˈhelθ.spæn/
the number of years that someone lives or can expect to live in reasonably good health
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Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns (2)
March 06, 2024
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新词
stochastic parrot
March 04, 2024
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television是什么意思_television的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典
vision是什么意思_television的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典首页翻译背单词写作校对词霸下载用户反馈专栏平台登录television是什么意思_television用英语怎么说_television的翻译_television翻译成_television的中文意思_television怎么读,television的读音,television的用法,television的例句翻译人工翻译试试人工翻译翻译全文简明柯林斯牛津television高中/CET4/CET6英 [ˈtelɪvɪʒn]美 [ˈtelɪvɪʒn]释义n.电视，电视机; 电视节目; 电视业点击 人工翻译，了解更多 人工释义词态变化复数: televisions;实用场景例句全部电视电视机电视节目电视业a colour television彩色电视机牛津词典a widescreen television宽屏幕电视机牛津词典a plasma screen television等离子电视机牛津词典to turn the television on/off打开 / 关闭电视机牛津词典We don't do much in the evenings except watch television .我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。牛津词典satellite/terrestrial/cable/digital television卫星 / 地面 / 有线 / 数字电视系统牛津词典the television news电视新闻牛津词典a television documentary电视纪录片牛津词典a television company/presenter电视广播公司 / 节目主持人牛津词典I'd like to work in television (= for a television company) .我希望从事电视广播事业。牛津词典What's on television tonight?今晚有什么电视节目？牛津词典Is there anything good on the telly tonight?今晚电视有好节目吗？牛津词典It was on TV yesterday.昨天电视上播放了它。牛津词典I recognize you. Aren't you on television?我认出你来了。你不是常上电视吗？牛津词典She turned the television on and flicked around between news programmes.她打开电视，来回换台看不同的新闻节目。柯林斯高阶英语词典Toy manufacturers began promoting some of their products on television...玩具制造商开始在电视上推销他们的一些产品。柯林斯高阶英语词典Television is increasingly being transmitted by satellites.越来越多的电视节目通过卫星进行转播。柯林斯高阶英语词典I don't have much time to watch very much television.我没有太多时间可泡在电视上。柯林斯高阶英语词典British commercial television has been steadily losing its lead as the most advanced sector of the industry in Europe.英国商业电视在逐步失去其作为欧洲电视广播业最先进部分的领先地位。柯林斯高阶英语词典Television allows viewers to experience an event without any loss of immediacy.电视让观众可以即时经历某一事件.《简明英汉词典》The company are promoting their new products on television.这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品.《现代英汉综合大词典》The actor's wedding got a mention on television.电视上报道了这位男演员的婚礼.《简明英汉词典》I don't much care about television.我并不太爱看电视.《简明英汉词典》That filthy movie should never be shown on television.那种淫秽的电影决不能在电视上播放.《简明英汉词典》A thief planted the television set he had stolen on this innocent old woman.一个贼把偷来的电视机栽赃给这位无辜的老太太.《简明英汉词典》收起实用场景例句真题例句全部四级六级高考考研There are plenty of recipes ( ' , 食谱 ), how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television.出自-2015年12月阅读原文Although frozen dinners were invented in the '40s, their popularity didn't boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later.出自-2015年12月阅读原文He could not watch television except for two programs aweek, could not play with his friends after school until he finished his homework, and had to read two books a week and write book reports about them.出自-2015年12月听力原文Comedy and drama shows ("Jack Benny," "Amos and Andy," "The Shadow") all migrated to television.出自-2014年6月阅读原文But because you can't drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio's prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences出自-2014年6月阅读原文Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance.出自-2014年6月阅读原文Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television.出自-2013年6月阅读原文Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television.出自-2011年6月听力原文Producer of television commercials出自-2011年6月听力原文A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison.2019年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section AEverybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section BHe could not watch television except for two programs a week, could not play with his friends after school until he finished his homework, and had to read two books a week and write book reports about them.2015年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section CLong before television cooking shows, Careme walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to "try this for yourself, at home" as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section BThe bear first gained fame after it was spotted wandering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television.2017年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section AThere are plenty of recipes, how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television.2015年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section BYet there are doubts whether people watching television, a lean back medium, crave interaction.出自-2016年6月阅读原文The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Television advertising could do with a boost.出自-2016年6月阅读原文It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years, says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.出自-2016年6月阅读原文For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations, etc.出自-2015年12月听力原文There is no access to television in its rooms.出自-2012年12月阅读原文What does the woman imply about the low price television sets?出自-2014年6月听力原文I guess you watch the quiz show on television last night出自-2014年6月听力原文The 1909 Law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings nor did it anticipate the need to protect radio and television.出自-2014年6月听力原文Since 1976 the act has been amended to include computer software and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts出自-2014年6月听力原文"It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years", says Colin dixon of a digital-media consultancy.2016年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section CAnother challenge to language survival is television.2016年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section BYet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction.2016年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section CAnd I could not understand the news on the television or movies or anything like this.2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文As a result, I've always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read news magazines and learned to really enjoy books, all of which have been an invaluable help to me in radio and television reporting.2019年高考英语浙江卷 听力 原文But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文In no time, she became my feet as I read, and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文My color television has given me nothing but a headache.2015年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读A 原文One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文Television gave another push to the local economy.2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.2019年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and dvd players.2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文There is also l'enigme sans fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.2015年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读C 原文This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable.2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ scores and affects school performance.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume.2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文West said, "I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction."2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文Yet, people of lower iq tend to be lifelong television viewers.2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.出自-2011年考研阅读原文The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.出自-2012年考研阅读原文The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.出自-2012年考研阅读原文Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes.出自-2012年考研阅读原文One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.出自-2012年考研阅读原文It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television .2014年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section ⅡOne reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section ⅡOne reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium—television—and television is defined by downloading.2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section ⅡWhile traditional "paid" media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.2011年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ收起真题例句英英释义Noun1. broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects;"she is a star of screen and video""Television is a medium because it is neither rare nor well done" - Ernie Kovacs2. a receiver that displays television images;"the British call a tv set a telly"3. a telecommunication system that transmits images of objects (stationary or moving) between distant points收起英英释义词根词缀词根: tele=far,表示"远[引申为电,电从远方来]"n.telegram 电报tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+gram写,画→n.电报telegraph 电报机,电报 tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+graph写→用电写→电报telemeter 遥测仪tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+meter测量→远测量→遥测仪telephone 电话,电话机 tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+phone声音,话机→n.电话,电话机 v.打电话telescope 望远镜 tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+scope看→看远方→望远镜television 电视;电视机tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+vis看+ion表名词→看远方,通过电视看→电视v.telegraph 打电报,发电报tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+graph写→用电写→电报telephone 打电话tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+phone声音,话机→n.电话,电话机 v.打电话telescope 缩短,压缩tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+scope看→看远方→望远镜televise 广播, 播映tele远[引申为电,电从远方来]+vis看+e→看远方,通过电视等看词组搭配on (the )televisionbeing broadcast by television; appearing in a television programme在电视上播放；上电视节目Norman was on television yesterday.诺曼昨天上电视了。收起词组搭配同义词n.广播,电视节目telecastvideocastairingbroadcastn.电视机videoidiottubesetcenterboobTVentertainmentboxtelevisionconsole行业词典电子学电视 又称 :电视(TV) 释义词态变化实用场景例句真题例句英英释义词根词缀词组搭配同义词行Television | History, Components, & Uses | Britannica
Television | History, Components, & Uses | Britannica
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television
Table of Contents
television
Table of Contents
IntroductionThe development of television systemsMechanical systemsElectronic systemsColour televisionDigital televisionPrinciples of television systemsThe television pictureHuman perception of motionImage analysisFlickerResolutionPicture shapeScanningThe scanning patternInterlaced linesDeflection signalsSynchronization signalsThe picture signalWave formDistortion and interferenceBandwidth requirementsCompatible colour televisionBasic principles of compatible colour: The NTSC systemEuropean colour systemsPALSECAMDigital televisionTelevision transmission and receptionTransmissionGenerating the colour picture signalThe carrier signalThe sound signalThe television channelBroadcast televisionCable televisionDirect broadcast satellite televisionTeletextReceptionBasic receiver circuitsControlsTelevision cameras and displaysCamera image sensorsElectron tubesCharge-coupled devicesDisplaysPicture tubesBasic structureElectron gunsDeflection coilsShadow masks and aperture grillesLiquid crystal displaysPlasma display panelsVideo recordingMagnetic tapeVideo discsSpecial techniquesFlying spot scannerMotion-picture recordingThe continuous projectorThe intermittent projector
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Written by
Donald G. Fink
Director, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York City, 1963–74. Author of Television Engineering.
Donald G. Fink,
A. Michael Noll
Professor, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Author of Highway of Dreams: A Critical Appraisal of the Communication Superhighway.
A. Michael Noll,
David E. Fisher
Professor of Geology, the University of Miami, Florida, U.S. Co-author of Tube: The Invention of Television.
David E. FisherSee All
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated:
Mar 7, 2024
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television (TV), a form of mass media based on the electronic delivery of moving images and sound from a source to a receiver. By extending the senses of vision and hearing beyond the limits of physical distance, television has had a considerable influence on society. Conceived in the early 20th century as a possible medium for education and interpersonal communication, it became by mid-century a vibrant broadcast medium, using the model of broadcast radio to bring news and entertainment to people all over the world. Television is now delivered in a variety of ways: “over the air” by terrestrial radio waves (traditional broadcast TV); along coaxial cables (cable TV); reflected off of satellites held in geostationary Earth orbit (direct broadcast satellite, or DBS, TV); streamed through the Internet; and recorded optically on digital video discs (DVDs) and Blu-ray discs.The technical standards for modern television, both monochrome (black-and-white) and colour, were first established in the middle of the 20th century. Improvements have been made continuously since that time, and television technology changed considerably in the early 21st century. Much attention was focused on increasing the picture resolution (high-definition television [HDTV]) and on changing the dimensions of the television receiver to show wide-screen pictures. In addition, the transmission of digitally encoded television signals was instituted to provide interactive service and to broadcast multiple programs in the channel space previously occupied by one program.Despite this continuous technical evolution, modern television is best understood first by learning the history and principles of monochrome television and then by extending that learning to colour. The emphasis of this article, therefore, is on first principles and major developments—basic knowledge that is needed to understand and appreciate future technological developments and enhancements. Because American TV programs, like American popular culture in general in the 20th and early 21st centuries, have spread far beyond the boundaries of the United States and have had a pervasive influence on global popular culture, see also "television in the United States," which deals with the history and development of TV programs. A. Michael Noll The development of television systems Mechanical systems The dream of seeing distant places is as old as the human imagination. Priests in ancient Greece studied the entrails of birds, trying to see in them what the birds had seen when they flew over the horizon. They believed that their gods, sitting in comfort on Mount Olympus, were gifted with the ability to watch human activity all over the world. And the opening scene of William Shakespeare’s play Henry IV, Part 1 introduces the character Rumour, upon whom the other characters rely for news of what is happening in the far corners of England. For ages it remained a dream, and then television came along, beginning with an accidental discovery. In 1872, while investigating materials for use in the transatlantic cable, English telegraph worker Joseph May realized that a selenium wire was varying in its electrical conductivity. Further investigation showed that the change occurred when a beam of sunlight fell on the wire, which by chance had been placed on a table near the window. Although its importance was not realized at the time, this happenstance provided the basis for changing light into an electric signal. In 1880 a French engineer, Maurice LeBlanc, published an article in the journal La Lumière électrique that formed the basis of all subsequent television. LeBlanc proposed a scanning mechanism that would take advantage of the retina’s temporary but finite retainment of a visual image. He envisaged a photoelectric cell that would look upon only one portion at a time of the picture to be transmitted. Starting at the upper left corner of the picture, the cell would proceed to the right-hand side and then jump back to the left-hand side, only one line lower. It would continue in this way, transmitting information on how much light was seen at each portion, until the entire picture was scanned, in a manner similar to the eye reading a page of text. A receiver would be synchronized with the transmitter, reconstructing the original image line by line.
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The concept of scanning, which established the possibility of using only a single wire or channel for transmission of an entire image, became and remains to this day the basis of all television. LeBlanc, however, was never able to construct a working machine. Nor was the man who took television to the next stage: Paul Nipkow, a German engineer who invented the scanning disk. Nipkow’s 1884 patent for an Elektrisches Telescop was based on a simple rotating disk perforated with an inward-spiraling sequence of holes. It would be placed so that it blocked reflected light from the subject. As the disk rotated, the outermost hole would move across the scene, letting through light from the first “line” of the picture. The next hole would do the same thing slightly lower, and so on. One complete revolution of the disk would provide a complete picture, or “scan,” of the subject. John Logie Baird with television transmitterJohn Logie Baird standing next to his television transmitter of 1925–26. To Baird's left in the case is “Stookie Bill,” a ventriloquist's dummy that was scanned by the spinning Nipkow disk in order to produce a picture signal.(more)This concept was eventually used by John Logie Baird in Britain (see the photograph) and Charles Francis Jenkins in the United States to build the world’s first successful televisions. The question of priority depends on one’s definition of television. In 1922 Jenkins sent a still picture by radio waves, but the first true television success, the transmission of a live human face, was achieved by Baird in 1925. (The word television itself had been coined by a Frenchman, Constantin Perskyi, at the 1900 Paris Exhibition.) The efforts of Jenkins and Baird were generally greeted with ridicule or apathy. As far back as 1880 an article in the British journal Nature had speculated that television was possible but not worthwhile: the cost of building a system would not be repaid, for there was no way to make money out of it. A later article in Scientific American thought there might be some uses for television, but entertainment was not one of them. Most people thought the concept was lunacy. Nevertheless, the work went on and began to produce results and competitors. In 1927 the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) gave a public demonstration of the new technology, and by 1928 the General Electric Company (GE) had begun regular television broadcasts. GE used a system designed by Ernst F.W. Alexanderson that offered “the amateur, provided with such receivers as he may design or acquire, an opportunity to pick up the signals,” which were generally of smoke rising from a chimney or other such interesting subjects. That same year Jenkins began to sell television kits by mail and established his own television station, showing cartoon pantomime programs. In 1929 Baird convinced the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) to allow him to produce half-hour shows at midnight three times a week. The following years saw the first “television boom,” with thousands of viewers buying or constructing primitive sets to watch primitive programs.
Not everyone was entranced. C.P. Scott, editor of the Manchester Guardian, warned: “Television? The word is half Greek and half Latin. No good will come of it.” More important, the lure of a new technology soon paled. The pictures, formed of only 30 lines repeating approximately 12 times per second, flickered badly on dim receiver screens only a few inches high. Programs were simple, repetitive, and ultimately boring. Nevertheless, even while the boom collapsed a competing development was taking place in the realm of the electron.
TELEVISION中文(繁體)翻譯：劍橋詞典
TELEVISION中文(繁體)翻譯：劍橋詞典
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television 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯
televisionnoun [ C or U ] uk
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/ˈtel.ɪ.vɪʒ.ən/ /ˌtel.ɪˈvɪʒ.ən/ us
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/ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən/ (also TV); (UK informal telly)
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A1 a device shaped like a box with a screen that receives electrical signals and changes them into moving images and sound, or the method or business of sending images and sound by electrical signals
電視機;電視;電視廣播業
a 3D/an HD television
3D／高清電視
Could you turn the television down?
你把電視聲音調小點好嗎？
It's one of the few television programmes that I still watch.
這是我一直堅持看的少數幾個電視節目之一。
Is there anything good on television tonight?
今晚有甚麼好看的電視節目嗎？
Clare has worked in television since she left college.
克萊爾大學畢業後一直在電視業界工作。
Your problem is that you watch too much television.
你的問題在於電視看得太多。
更多範例减少例句Our new television has a very clear picture.You said we could watch television when we've finished our homework.The news on television tonight was very depressing, as usual.I wish they'd show more dramas and documentaries on television, instead of all these quizzes and reality TV shows.
(television在劍橋英語-中文（繁體）詞典的翻譯 © Cambridge University Press)
television的例句
television
Two of the video sequences in this act portray this perfection by processing television adverts which feature female and male models.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
They took advantage of new media and negotiated their way into early television showings in order to reach even greater numbers of spectators.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
Some wrote course book chapters or short readings; others were interviewed for audio cassettes or filmed for the television programmes.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
Much instrumental music appears to fit visuals effortlessly and thus has filled television's extensive continuity sections.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
Perhaps the programme is trying to make a point about the proliferation of tied-in music on television.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
It is not uncommon for the television to remain on throughout the day in the background.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
I have enjoyed trying to portray these genteel ladies on stage and television.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
But his subsequent discussion appears more concerned with revisiting adolescent dating behaviors, discussing the vices of watching television and of using electronic mail.
來自 Cambridge English Corpus
示例中的觀點不代表劍橋詞典編輯、劍橋大學出版社和其許可證頒發者的觀點。
A1
television的翻譯
中文（簡體）
电视机, 电视, 电视广播业…
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西班牙語
televisión, televisión [feminine, singular]…
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televis~o, televisor, televisão [feminine]…
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in Marathi
日語
土耳其語
法語
加泰羅尼亞語
in Dutch
in Tamil
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टेलीविजन, दूरचित्रवणी…
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テレビ, テレビ番組, テレビ放送…
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televizyon, televizyon programları, televizyonculuk işi/sistemi…
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télévision [feminine], télévision, téléviseur…
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televisor, televisió…
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televisie, televisietoestel…
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টেলিভিশন, একটি স্ক্রিন সহ একটি বাক্সের মতো আকৃতির একটি ডিভাইস যা বৈদ্যুতিক সংকেত গ্রহণ করে এবং সেগুলিকে চলমান চিত্র এবং শব্দে পরিবর্তন করে বা বৈদ্যুতিক সংকেত দ্বারা চিত্র এবং শব্দ পাঠানোর পদ্ধতি বা ব্যবসা…
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televize, televizní přístroj…
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televisi, pesawat televisi…
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sự truyền hình, vô tuyến…
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telewizor, telewizja…
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텔레비젼, 텔레비젼 프로그램, 텔레비젼(방송)…
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televisore, televisione…
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the number of years that someone lives or can expect to live in reasonably good health
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TELEVISION在剑桥英语词典中的解释及翻译
TELEVISION在剑桥英语词典中的解释及翻译
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television 在英语中的意思
televisionnoun [ C or U ] uk
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/ˈtel.ɪ.vɪʒ.ən/ /ˌtel.ɪˈvɪʒ.ən/ us
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/ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən/ (also TV); (UK informal telly)
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A1 a device shaped like a box with a screen that receives electrical signals and changes them into moving images and sound, or the method or business of sending images and sound by electrical signals: a 3D/an HD television Could you turn the television down? It's one of the few television programmes that I still watch. Is there anything good on television tonight? Clare has worked in television since she left college. Your problem is that you watch too much television.
George Mdivanian/EyeEm/GettyImages
更多范例减少例句Our new television has a very clear picture.You said we could watch television when we've finished our homework.The news on television tonight was very depressing, as usual.I wish they'd show more dramas and documentaries on television, instead of all these quizzes and reality TV shows.
“SMART 词汇”：相关单词和短语
Broadcasting: television
aerial
autotune
best boy
boob tube
breakfast television
broadcast
gaffer
ghost image
goggle-box
HD
HDTV
plasma screen
receiver
reveal
shout-out
smart TV
square-eyed
subtitler
sweep
the small screen phrase
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(television在剑桥高级学习词典和同义词词典中的解释 © Cambridge University Press)
television | 美式英语词典
televisionnoun [ C/U ] us
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/ˈtel·əˌvɪʒ·ən/ (abbreviation TV)
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a large box with a viewing screen which receives electrical signals and changes them into moving pictures and sound: [ C ] Most homes have televisions.
Television is also the programs that you watch, or the business of broadcasting them: [ U ] Is there anything interesting on television tonight? [ U ] Your problem is that you watch too much television.
(television在剑桥学术词典中的解释 © Cambridge University Press)
television | 商务英语
televisionnoun [ U ] uk
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/ˈtelɪvɪʒən/ us
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(also TV)
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COMMUNICATIONS a system of broadcasting images and sound using electrical signals, and the programmes that are shown: on (the) television Consumer programmes on the television have enjoyed a rise in popularity. The ads were first shown on television five years ago.watch television How much television does the average American watch a week? It was broadcast on live television. The company has combined online services with interactive television for the mass market. digital/satellite/terrestrial television national/local/network television television advertising/advertisements/commercials a television network/channel/station television audiences/viewers
也请参见
cable television
closed circuit television
pay-per-view
prime time
(television在剑桥商务英语词典中的解释 © Cambridge University Press)
television的例句
television
Perhaps the programme is trying to make a point about the proliferation of tied-in music on television.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
One of the reasons for the full publication of the transcripts of the various programmes was precisely this non-national nature of television coverage.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
The media are not a single entity, but having said that, newspapers and commercial television stations are businesses, motivated by economic concerns.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
I have enjoyed trying to portray these genteel ladies on stage and television.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
But why is such television of political concern and formal innovation and dramatic entertainment the exception?
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
However, a number of recent works of history and sociology have begun to concentrate on television, and its history.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Moreover, the television scenario in which the actors are performing champions a trendy expressive style.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Again, as expected, only the low-interested voters are likely to consider changing their vote as the result of exposure to television news.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
It can thus easily be used in television programmes or films, and so has the capability to be sold twice over.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Some wrote course book chapters or short readings; others were interviewed for audio cassettes or filmed for the television programmes.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Much instrumental music appears to fit visuals effortlessly and thus has filled television's extensive continuity sections.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
Thus, a focus on television is important for understanding music within the dynamics of family life since the 1950s.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
It is not uncommon for the television to remain on throughout the day in the background.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
This means that the programme producers are in the same relationship to the television market as the musicians who are the subjects of their programmes.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
They took advantage of new media and negotiated their way into early television showings in order to reach even greater numbers of spectators.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
查看television的所有示例
示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
包含television的固定搭配
television
这些词常常与television一起使用。点击固定搭配，查看更多示例。
analogue televisionIn 1989, relatively few analogue television channels were available.
来自 Hansard archive
该例句来自Hansard存档。包含以下议会许可信息开放议会许可v3.0
animated televisionGreer, despite auditioning for various advertisements, was unable to breakout as a prominent voice actress for animated television.
来自 Wikipedia
该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。
daytime televisionFamiliar names from soap operas, sitcoms, daytime television, sports teams, and movies were frequently used to jokingly characterize people close at hand.
来自 Cambridge English Corpus
示例均来自剑桥英语语料库及网络资源。示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。
查阅所有包含television的固定搭配
television的发音是什么？
A1
television的翻译
中文（繁体）
電視機, 電視, 電視廣播業…
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电视机, 电视, 电视广播业…
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televisión, televisión [feminine, singular]…
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televis~o, televisor, televisão [feminine]…
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télévision [feminine], télévision, téléviseur…
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மின் சமிக்ஞைகளைப் பெற்று அவற்றை நகரும் படங்கள் மற்றும் ஒலியாக மாற்றும் திரை கொண்ட பெட்டியைப் போல வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட சாதனம் அல்லது மின் சமிக்ஞைகளால் படங்களையும் ஒலியையும் அனுப்பும் முறை அல்லது வணிகம்…
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tv, fjernsyn…
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television, tv, tv-apparat…
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TV [masculine], fjernsyn, fjernsynsapparat…
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телебачення, телевізор…
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телевизор, телевидение…
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టీవి…
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تِليفِزْيون, بَرْنامَج تِليفِزيوني…
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টেলিভিশন, একটি স্ক্রিন সহ একটি বাক্সের মতো আকৃতির একটি ডিভাইস যা বৈদ্যুতিক সংকেত গ্রহণ করে এবং সেগুলিকে চলমান চিত্র এবং শব্দে পরিবর্তন করে বা বৈদ্যুতিক সংকেত দ্বারা চিত্র এবং শব্দ পাঠানোর পদ্ধতি বা ব্যবসা…
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televize, televizní přístroj…
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televisi, pesawat televisi…
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sự truyền hình, vô tuyến…
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telewizor, telewizja…
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텔레비젼, 텔레비젼 프로그램, 텔레비젼(방송)…
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televisore, televisione…
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televangelist
televise
televised
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television
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television rating
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television的更多意思
全部
cable television
pay television
television set
television show
digital television
public television
television network
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惯用语
pirate radio/television station phrase
“每日一词”
healthspan
UK
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/ˈhelθ.spæn/
US
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/ˈhelθ.spæn/
the number of years that someone lives or can expect to live in reasonably good health
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Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns (2)
March 06, 2024
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stochastic parrot
March 04, 2024
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television是什么意思_television怎么读_television翻译_用法_发音_词组_同反义词_电视_电视机-新东方在线英语词典
television是什么意思_television怎么读_television翻译_用法_发音_词组_同反义词_电视_电视机-新东方在线英语词典
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首页 > 英语词典 > 字母单词表 > t开头的单词 > television
television
听听怎么读
英 [ˈtelɪvɪʒn]
美 [ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən]
是什么意思
n.电视，电视机；电视节目；电视业；
变形
复数：televisions
双语释义
n.(名词)[U][C]电视 process of transmitting and reproducing on a screen events,scenes, plays, etc.in pictures and sound, using radio signals[U]电视播放的节目 programmes broadcast in this way[C]电视机 apparatus with a screen and loudspeaker for receiving television broadcast[U]电视台,电视行业 organization producing and transmitting television programmes
英英释义
television[ 'teli,viʒən, ,teli'v- ]n.broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects同义词：telecastingTVvideoan electronic device that receives television signals and displays them on a screen同义词：television receivertelevision settvtv setidiot boxboob tubetellygoggle boxa telecommunication system that transmits images of objects (stationary or moving) between distant points同义词：television system
学习怎么用
词汇搭配
用作名词 (n.)动词+～own a television有一台电视机put on television打开电视speak on television电视讲话turn off the television关电视turn on the television开电视watch television看电视形容词+～black-and-white television黑白电视close-circuit television闭路电视large-screen television大屏幕电视educational television教育电视节目local television当地电视节目national television全国性电视节目public television大众文化教育电视节目名词+～cable television有线电视colour television彩色电视pay television收费有线电视～+名词television address电视讲话television announcer电视节目播音员television camera电视摄像机television documentary电视播放的纪实节目television pictures电视图像television programmes电视节目television series电视系列片television tower电视塔介词+～on the television电视上,由电视播送
词组短语
network television网络电视cable television电缆电视，有线电视television station电视台digital television数字电视，数控电视watch television看电视television program电视节目television set电视机；电视接收机television network电视网；电视广播公司；电视发射台satellite television卫星电视television advertising电视广告television show电视节目television broadcast电视广播television channel电视频道television tower电视塔television broadcasting电视广播；电视播送colour television彩色电视television camera[电]电视摄像机public television公共电视；大众电视closed circuit television n. 闭路电视 radio and television university广播电视大学 更多收起词组短语
双语例句
用作名词(n.)He turned up the volume on the television.他把电视机的音量调大了。His first film was shown on television this weekend.他的第一部电影本周末在电视上播放。The television audience aggregated 30 millions.电视观众合计达3000万人。The old story was worked over for television.那个古老的故事被改编为电视节目。He decided to pursue a career in television.他决定在电视业干一番事业。Television is an enormously competitive business.电视业是一个竞争性极强的行业。
权威例句
Television viewing and childhood obesityTelevision: technology and cultural form.Textual poachers :television fans & participatory cultureThe impact of television advertising: Learning without involvement.Television viewing behaviour and associations with food habits in different countriesTelevision viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990.Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.Do We Fatten Our Children at the Television Set? Obesity and Television Viewing in Children and AdolescentsThe media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places.500-11, Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures
同义词video
tube
telly
small screen
airwave 同根词televise
televangelist t开头的单词tea table
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tyrosine kinase
tyre lever
tyrosine hydroxylase
tyre pressure
tyrannosaurus rex
tyre chain
typical value
typical example
typhoid species
type up 词汇所属分类《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives) 全八季词频大全
星际穿越 Interstellar
Friends·老友记分频单词书·上册
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词频1-5000+NGSL+NAWL 字母词汇表更多b开头的单词byzantium
Byzantinism
byzantine empire
Byzantine
byzant
Byz
d开头的单词dziggetai
dz
Dytiscidae
dysuric
dysuria
dystrophy
i开头的单词Izzie
izzat
izzard
Ize
izba
izard 分类词汇表更多化工行业working face
winding shaft
wedge
water table
ventilation shaft
vein
成人英语考试zoo
zone
zone
zone
zero
zero
SAT考试weighted average
vulgar fraction
volume
vertical angle
vertex
variable 人名姓氏表更多男zack
zachary
Zachariah
young
York
Yates
女Zola
Zoe
Zenobia
Zenia
Zena
Zandra
男/女Yong
wynn
winter
willie
Whitney
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TV 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译
TVnoun [ C or U ] uk
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/ˌtiːˈviː/ us
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/ˌtiːˈviː/
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A1 abbreviation for television
电视（机）（television的缩写）
We ate in front of (= while watching) the TV.
我们边吃饭边看电视。
What's on TV tonight?
今晚有什么电视节目？
You watch too much TV!
你电视看得太多！
TV personalities
电视上的名人
更多范例减少例句Who turned the TV on?You said we could watch TV when we've finished our homework.Our TV license expires next month.What's on TV tonight - anything special?You watch too much TV - you should get out more, or take up a hobby.
(TV在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)
A1
TV的翻译
中文（繁体）
電視（機）（television的縮寫）…
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西班牙语
forma abreviada de "television":, tele, televisión [feminine…
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TV, TV [feminine]…
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télé(vision) [feminine], télé…
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tv, televisie…
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TV, tv…
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TV…
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ٹی وی (ٹیلی ویژن کا مخفف)…
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телебачення, телевізор…
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телевизор…
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televize, TV (zkratka)…
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televisi…
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tutu
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan
tuxedo
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TV dinner
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pay TV
TV, at television
smart TV
TV dinner
reality TV
catch-up TV
cable TV, at cable television
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car crash TV idiom
car-crash TV, at car crash TV idiom
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“每日一词”
healthspan
UK
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/ˈhelθ.spæn/
US
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/ˈhelθ.spæn/
the number of years that someone lives or can expect to live in reasonably good health
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March 06, 2024
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March 04, 2024
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Television - Video, Audio, Signals | Britannica
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Table of Contents
television
Table of Contents
IntroductionThe development of television systemsMechanical systemsElectronic systemsColour televisionDigital televisionPrinciples of television systemsThe television pictureHuman perception of motionImage analysisFlickerResolutionPicture shapeScanningThe scanning patternInterlaced linesDeflection signalsSynchronization signalsThe picture signalWave formDistortion and interferenceBandwidth requirementsCompatible colour televisionBasic principles of compatible colour: The NTSC systemEuropean colour systemsPALSECAMDigital televisionTelevision transmission and receptionTransmissionGenerating the colour picture signalThe carrier signalThe sound signalThe television channelBroadcast televisionCable televisionDirect broadcast satellite televisionTeletextReceptionBasic receiver circuitsControlsTelevision cameras and displaysCamera image sensorsElectron tubesCharge-coupled devicesDisplaysPicture tubesBasic structureElectron gunsDeflection coilsShadow masks and aperture grillesLiquid crystal displaysPlasma display panelsVideo recordingMagnetic tapeVideo discsSpecial techniquesFlying spot scannerMotion-picture recordingThe continuous projectorThe intermittent projector
References & Edit History
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Images
For Students
television summary
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Principles of television systems The television picture Human perception of motion A television system involves equipment located at the source of production, equipment located in the home of the viewer, and equipment used to convey the television signal from the producer to the viewer. The purpose of all of this equipment, as stated in the introduction to this article, is to extend the human senses of vision and hearing beyond their natural limits of physical distance. A television system must be designed, therefore, to embrace the essential capabilities of these senses, particularly the sense of vision. The aspects of vision that must be considered include the ability of the human eye to distinguish the brightness, colours, details, sizes, shapes, and positions of objects in a scene before it. Aspects of hearing include the ability of the ear to distinguish the pitch, loudness, and distribution of sounds. In working to satisfy these capabilities, television systems must strike appropriate compromises between the quality of the desired image and the costs of reproducing it. They must also be designed to override, within reasonable limits, the effects of interference and to minimize visual and audial distortions in the transmission and reproduction processes. The particular compromises chosen for a given television service—e.g., broadcast or cable service—are embodied in the television standards adopted and enforced by the responsible government agencies in each country. Television technology must deal with the fact that human vision employs hundreds of thousands of separate electrical circuits, located in the optic nerve running from the retina to the brain, in order to convey simultaneously in two dimensions the whole content of a scene on which the eye is focused. In electrical communication, however, it is feasible to employ only one circuit (i.e., the broadcast channel) to connect a transmitter with a receiver. This fundamental disparity is overcome in television practice by a process known as image analysis, whereby the scene to be televised is broken up by the camera’s image sensors into an orderly sequence of electrical waves and these waves are sent over the single channel, one after the other. At the receiver the waves are translated back into a corresponding sequence of lights and shadows, and these are reassembled in their correct positions on the viewing screen. This sequential reproduction of visual images is feasible only because the visual sense displays persistence; that is, the brain retains the impression of illumination for about one-tenth of a second after the source of light is removed from the eye. If, therefore, the process of image synthesis takes less than one-tenth of a second, the eye will be unaware that the picture is being reassembled piecemeal, and it will appear as if the whole surface of the viewing screen is continuously illuminated. By the same token, it will then be possible to re-create more than 10 pictures per second and to simulate thereby the motion of the scene so that it appears to be continuous. In practice, to depict rapid motion smoothly it is customary to transmit from 25 to 30 complete pictures per second. To provide detail sufficient to accommodate a wide range of subject matter, each picture is analyzed into 200,000 or more picture elements, or pixels. This analysis implies that the rate at which these details are transmitted over the television system exceeds 2,000,000 per second. To provide a system suitable for public use and also capable of such speed has required the full resources of modern electronic technology.
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Why Do Television Shows Use Laugh Tracks?
Image analysis Flicker The first requirement to be met in image analysis is that the reproduced picture shall not flicker, since flicker induces severe visual fatigue. Flicker becomes more evident as the brightness of the picture increases. If flicker is to be unobjectionable at brightness suitable for home viewing during daylight as well as evening hours, the successive illuminations of the picture screen should occur no fewer than 50 times per second. This is approximately twice the rate of picture repetition needed for smooth reproduction of motion. To avoid flicker, therefore, twice as much channel space is needed as would suffice to depict motion. The same disparity occurs in motion-picture practice, in which satisfactory performance with respect to flicker requires twice as much film as is necessary for smooth simulation of motion. A way around this difficulty has been found, in motion pictures as well as in television, by projecting each picture twice. In motion pictures, the projector interposes a shutter briefly between film and lens while a single frame of the film is being projected. In television, each image is analyzed and synthesized in two sets of spaced lines, one of which fits successively within the spaces of the other. Thus the picture area is illuminated twice during each complete picture transmission, although each line in the image is present only once during that time. This technique is feasible because the eye is comparatively insensitive to flicker when the variation of light is confined to a small part of the field of view. Hence, flicker of the individual lines is not evident. If the eye did not have this fortunate property, a television channel would have to occupy about twice as much spectrum space as it now does. It is thus possible to avoid flicker and simulate rapid motion by a picture rate of about 25 per second, with two screen illuminations per picture. The precise value of the picture-repetition rate used in a given region has been chosen by reference to the electric power frequency that predominates in that region. In Europe, where 50-hertz alternating current is the rule, the television picture rate is 25 per second (50 screen illuminations per second). In North America the picture rate is 30 per second (60 screen illuminations per second) to match the 60-hertz alternating current that predominates there. The higher picture-transmission rate of North America allows the pictures there to be about five times as bright as those in Europe for the same susceptibility to flicker, but this advantage is offset by a 20 percent reduction in picture detail for equal utilization of the channel.
How does television (TV) work? - Explain that Stuff
How does television (TV) work? - Explain that Stuff
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Television
Television
by Chris Woodford. Last updated: January 12, 2022.
Television is an amazing window on the
world. At the flick of a
button, you can travel from the North Pole to the Serengeti, watch men
walking on the Moon, see athletes breaking records, or listen to world
leaders making historic speeches. Television has transformed
entertainment and education; in the United States, it's been estimated
that children spend more time watching TV (on average 1023 hours a
year) than they do sitting in school (900 hours a year). Many people
feel this is a bad thing. One of TV's inventors, Philo T
Farnsworth (1906–1971), came to the conclusion that television was
hopelessly dumbed down and refused to let his children watch it.
Whether TV is good or bad, there's no doubting that it's an ingenious
invention. But how exactly does it work? Let's take a closer look!
Photo: Virtually everyone has flatscreen TVs these days, which make
their pictures using LCDs, plasma, or OLEDs (organic LEDs). But until the 1990s, TVs
were much bigger and bulkier and virtually all of them were using cathode-ray tube (CRT)
technology, as explained below.
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Contents
Radio—with pictures
TV cameras
TV transmitters
TV receivers
Cathode-ray tube (CRT) televisions
How a cathode-ray tube (CRT) TV works
Flatscreen televisions
A brief history of television
Find out more
Radio—with pictures
The basic idea of television is "radio with pictures." In other
words, where radio transmits
a sound signal
(the information being broadcast) through the air, television sends a
picture signal as well. You probably know that these signals are
carried by radio waves, invisible patterns of
electricity and magnetism that race
through the air at the speed of
light (300,000 km or 186,000 miles per second). Think of the radio
waves carrying information like the waves on the sea carrying
surfers:
the waves themselves aren't the information: the information surfs on
top of the waves.
Photo: As radios became more portable, people started to realize tiny TVs could be too.
This early example is an Ekco TMB272 from about 1955, which could be powered either by the usual domestic electricity supply or a 12-volt battery. Although sold as a portable, it was extremely heavy; even so, it found quite a niche market with TV companies such as the BBC, who used it as a monitor for outside broadcasts.
Television is really a three-part invention: the TV camera that turns a picture and sound into a
signal; the TV transmitter that sends the
signal through the air; and the TV receiver (the TV set in your home)
that captures the signal and turns it back into picture and sound. TV
creates moving pictures by repeatedly capturing still pictures and
presenting these frames to your eyes so
quickly that they seem to be moving. Think of TV as an
electronic
flick-book. The images are flickering on the screen so fast that they
fuse together in your brain to make a moving picture (really, though
they're really lots of still pictures displayed one after another).
When TV was first developed, all it could handle was black-and-white pictures;
engineers struggled to figure out how to cope with color as well, which was
a much more complex problem. Now the science of light tells us that any color
can be made by combining a mixture of the three primary colors, red, green,
and blue. So the secret of making color TV was to develop cameras that
could capture separate red, green, and blue signals,
transmission systems that could beam color signals through the air,
and TV sets that could turn them back into a moving, multicolored image.
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TV cameras
We can see things because they reflect light into our eyes. An
ordinary "still" camera photographs
things by capturing this light on light-sensitive film or using
electronic light-detector (in the case of a digital camera) to make a snapshot of how something appeared at a particular moment. A TV camera works in a different way: it has to capture a new snapshot over
24 times per second to create the illusion of a moving picture.
What's the best way for a TV camera to capture a picture? If you've
ever tried copying a masterpiece from the wall of an art
gallery into a notebook, you'll know there are lots of ways to do it.
One way is to draw a grid of squares in your notebook, then copy the details
systematically from each area of the original picture into
the corresponding square of the grid. You could work from left to right
and from top to bottom, copying each grid square in turn.
An old-fashioned TV camera works exactly like this when it turns a picture into a signal for
broadcasting, only it copies the picture it sees a line at a time.
Light-detectors inside the camera scan across the picture line by line,
just like your eyes scanning from top to bottom of the picture in an
art gallery. This process, which is called raster scanning, turns the picture into 525 different "lines
of colored light" (in a common TV system called NTSC, or 625 lines
in a rival system known as PAL) that are beamed through the air to your home as a video (picture)
signal. At the same time, microphones in the TV studio capture the
sound that goes with the picture. This is transmitted alongside the
picture information as a separate audio (sound) signal.
Photo: A typical video/TV camera. The camera operator
stands at the back watching a small TV screen that shows exactly what the camera is filming. Note
that the cameraman isn't looking through the camera lens: he's seeing a recreation of what the lens
is viewing on a screen (a bit like looking at the display on a digital camera).
Photo by Justin R. Blake courtesy of US Navy and Wikimedia Commons.
Modern TV cameras don't "scan" pictures this way anymore. Instead, just as in
camcorders and webcams, their
lenses focus the scene being filmed onto
small, image-sensing microchips (either
CCD or CMOS sensors), which convert the
pattern of colors into digital, electrical signals.
While traditional scanning cameras used only 525 or 625 lines,
the image sensing chips in today's HDTV (high-definition television) cameras
generally have either 720 or 1080 lines for capturing much more detail.
Some cameras have a single image sensor capturing all colors at once;
others have three separate ones,
capturing separate red, blue, and green signals—the primary colors from
which any color on your TV can be made.
Artwork: TV cameras break pictures up into separate red, green, and blue signals. White light (made of all colors) coming from the object being filmed passes through the lens (1) and enters a beam splitter (2). This is usually a two-part,
trichroic prism that divides the light into separate red, green, and blue beams, each of which is detected by a separate CCD or CMOS image sensor. A circuit (3) mathematically synchronizes and combines the outputs from the red, green, and blue image sensors to make a single video signal based on components called luminance and chrominance (loosely, the brightness and color of each part of the image). Another part of the circuit instantly recreates the image being filmed on a small screen in a viewfinder (4). Meanwhile, sound from a microphone (not shown) is synchronized with the video signal to produce an output signal ready for transmission (5).
TV transmitters
Photo: TV antennas don't have to look ugly: they can make a dramatic centerpiece to a building,
as here, at the KJRH TV studios, a prominent landmark in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Photo: Courtesy of John Margolies Roadside America photograph archive (1972–2008),
Library of Congress,
Prints and Photographs Division.
The louder you shout, the easier it is to hear someone at a
distance. Louder noises make bigger sound waves that have the power to
travel further before they get soaked up by bushes, trees, and all the
clutter around us. The same
is true of radio waves. To make radio waves that are strong enough to
carry radio and TV pictures many miles from a TV station to someone's
home, you need a really powerful transmitter. This is effectively a
giant antenna (aerial), often positioned on
top of a hill so it can
send signals as far as possible.
Not everyone receives TV signals transmitted through the air in this
way. If you have cable television, your TV pictures are "piped" into
your home down a fiber-optic cable laid
beneath your street. If you have
satellite television, the picture you see
has been bounced into space
and back to help it travel from one
side of the country to the other.
With traditional television broadcasting, picture signals are sent
in analog form: each signal travels as an
undulating (up-and-down
moving) wave. Most countries are now switching over to digital
television, which works in a similar way to digital
radio. Signals are transmitted in a numerically coded form. Many
more programs can be sent this way and, generally speaking, picture
quality is better because the signals are less susceptible to
interference as they travel.
TV receivers
It doesn't really matter how the TV signal gets to your home: once
it's arrived, your TV set treats it exactly the same way, whether it
comes in from an antenna (aerial) on the roof, from a cable running
underground, or from a satellite dish in the garden.
Remember how a TV
camera turns the picture it's looking at into a series of lines that
form the outgoing TV signal? A TV set must work the same process in
reverse
to turn the lines in the incoming signal back into a faithful image of
the scene that the camera filmed. Different types of TV sets do this in
different ways.
Photos: Early TV receivers. 1) A typical
black and white TV from 1949. Note the tiny screen. 2) An HMV 904 combined TV and radio unit
from about ten years earlier. The loudspeaker is on the left, the radio tuning dial
is in the center, and the TV screen (again tiny) is on the right.
Both use cathode-ray tube technology and are exhibits from Think Tank, the science museum in Birmingham, England.
Cathode-ray tube (CRT) televisions
Photo: A typical old-fashioned cathode-ray-tube (CRT) television set.
Virtually every TV looked like this until the 1990s, when flatscreen LCD
and plasma TVs began to take over. Cathode-ray TVs are getting quite hard to find now!
Old-style, cathode-ray tube (CRT) TV sets take the incoming signal
and break it into its separate audio and video components. The audio part feeds into an audio circuit, which uses a loudspeaker to recreate the original
sound
recorded in the TV studio. Meanwhile, the video signal is sent to a
separate circuit. This fires a beam of electrons
(fast-moving, negatively charged particles inside atoms)
down a long cathode-ray tube. As the beam flies down the tube, electromagnets steer
it from side to side so it scans systematically back and forth across
the screen, line by line, "painting" the picture over and over again
like a kind of invisible electronic paintbrush. The electron beam moves
so quickly that you don't see it building up the picture. It doesn't
actually "paint" anything: it makes bright spots of colored light as
it hits different parts of the screen. That's because the screen is
coated with many tiny dots of chemicals called phosphors.
As the electron beam hits the phosphor dots, they make a tiny pinpoint
of red, blue, or green light. By switching the electron beam on and off
as it scans past the red, blue, and green dots, the video circuit can
build up an entire picture by lighting up some spots and leaving others
dark.
How a cathode-ray tube (CRT) TV works
An antenna (aerial) on your roof picks up radio waves from the
transmitter. With satellite TV, the signals come from a satellite dish
mounted on your wall or roof. With cable TV, the signal comes to you
via an underground fiber-optic cable.
The incoming signal feeds into the antenna socket on the back of the TV.
The incoming signal is carrying picture and sound for more than
one station (program). An electronic circuit inside the TV selects only the station
you want to watch and splits the signal for this station into separate
audio (sound) and video (picture) information, passing each to a
separate circuit for further processing.
The electron gun circuit splits the video part of the signal into separate red, blue, and green signals
to drive the three electron guns.
The circuit fires three electron guns (one red, one blue, and one
green) down a cathode-ray tube, like a fat glass bottle from which the air
has been removed.
The electron beams pass through a ring of electromagnets.
Electrons can be steered by magnets because they have a negative
electrical charge. The electromagnets steer the electron beams so they
sweep back and forth across the screen, line by line.
The electron beams pass through a grid of holes called a mask,
which directs them so they hit exact places on the TV screen. Where the
beams hit the phosphors (colored chemicals) on the screen, they make
red, blue, or green dots. Elsewhere, the screen remains dark. The
pattern of red, blue, and green dots builds up a colored picture very
quickly.
Meanwhile, audio (sound) information from the incoming signal passes to a
separate audio circuit.
The audio circuit drives the loudspeaker (or loudspeakers, since
there are at least two in a stereo TV) so they recreate the sound exactly in time with the moving picture.
Photo: An old-style cathode-ray tube television
being tested and repaired. The yellow box at the front is a meter that tests the current flowing
through the TV's circuits. The opened-up TV is behind and we're looking from the back to the front
(so the screen is pointing away from us). Photo by Airman Maebel Tinoko courtesy of
US Navy.
The original CRT
Cathode-ray televisions like this were invented by Russian physicist and electronics engineer Vladimir Zworykin, whose patent on the idea was filed in 1923 and granted five years later. Here's a detail from one of the original drawings in that patent—and you can see just how closely it resembles a "modern" CRT.
Artwork: Zworykin's black and white CRT design from the 1920s. Inside the cathode ray tube (55, gray), there's a single electron gun, made up of an anode (56, dark blue), cathode (57, light blue), and a grid (54, yellow) in between. In the middle, there are electric plates (58, 59, red) and coils (69, 70, orange) for steering the electron beam with electromagnetic fields. The picture is formed on a fluorescent phosphor screen (60) at the end of the tube. From
US Patent: 2,141,059: Television System by Vladimir Zworykin, courtesy of US Patent and Trademark Office.
Flatscreen televisions
It's quite hard to find cathode-ray tube televisions today. Since they're based on
analog technology and most countries are now switching to digital, CRTs are essentially
obsolete (unless you use an adapter, called a set-top box, that allows your CRT to
pick up digital broadcasts). Most people have flatscreens instead, using one of three different
technologies: LCD, plasma, or OLED.
LCD (liquid-crystal display) televisions have millions of tiny picture elements called pixels that
can be switched on or off electronically to make a picture. Each pixel
is made up of three smaller red, green, and blue sub-pixels. These can
be individually turned on and off by liquid crystals—effectively
microscopic light switches that turn the sub-pixels on or off by
twisting or untwisting. Since there is no cumbersome cathode-ray tube
and phosphor screen, LCDs screens are much more compact and energy
efficient than older TV receivers.
Read more in our article about LCDs.
A plasma screen is similar to an LCD, but
each pixel is effectively a microscopic fluorescent
lamp glowing with plasma. A plasma is a very hot form of gas in
which the atoms have blown apart to make negatively charged electrons
and positively charged ions (atoms minus their electrons). These move about freely, producing a fuzzy glow of light whenever they collide. Plasma screens can be made much bigger than ordinary cathode-ray tube televisions, but they are also much more expensive.
Read more in our article about plasma TVs.
If you want a really flat TV, you'll probably opt for one that uses
OLED (organic LED) technology.
As the name suggests, OLEDs work a bit like normal LEDs, but they're made from organic (carbon-based) plastics
instead of conventional semiconductors. An OLED display is very thin (just a few millimeters thick),
very bright, and uses much less power than an equivalent LCD.
Read more in our article about OLEDs.
A brief history of television
1884: German student Paul Nipkow (1860–1940) invents a rotating disc with holes in it (later known as a Nipkow disc) that can convert an image into a series of light pulses.
1888: German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) demonstrates how to make radio waves.
1894: Sir Oliver Lodge (1851–1940), a British physicist, successfully transmits a message by radio from one room of a building to another.
1922: American electronics engineer Philo T. Farnsworth (1906–1971) gets the idea for a TV scanning system as he watches his father's horse plowing a field into neat rows.
Photo: The brilliant, prolific inventor and TV pioneer Philo T. Farnsworth, pictured in 1939. Photo by Harris & Ewing courtesy of US Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
1923: Russian physicist and electronics engineer Vladimir Zworykin (1888–1982) files US Patent: 2,141,059 (granted in 1929) for a TV system that uses cathode-ray tubes in both the transmitter and receiver. Moving to the United States, he works for
Westinghouse and, later, RCA, where he heads the company's efforts to develop TV.
1924: Scottish inventor John Logie Baird (1888–1946) uses a Nipkow disc to transmit a flickering TV image a few feet across a room.
1925: Baird makes the first public demonstration of crudely scanned television images at London's Selfridges department store, with a more sophisticated demonstration to an invited scientific audience on January 26, 1926.
1927: Farnsworth files US Patent: 1,773,980 (granted 1930) for his image dissector, the world's first proper TV camera.
1928: Baird demonstrates color TV and an early form of 3D TV.
1932–1934: Russian-born Isaac Shoenberg (1888–1946), working at the British EMI company, develops an all-electronic TV system, substantially based on Zworykin's ideas. EMI later joins forces with Marconi to form Marconi-EMI.
1932: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) begins public TV service on August 22, 1932, ultimately opting for the Marconi-EMI system. The BBC starts broadcasting the world's first regular TV service from London's
Alexandra Palace on November 2, 1936.
1940: LP-record pioneer Peter Goldmark, of CBS, develops a color TV system that uses a rotating wheel to alternate red, blue, and green pictures. According to The New York Times, September 5, 1940, under the headline Color Television Achieves Realism: "Reproducing a range of colors from flower gardens to the Stars and Stripes against a blue sky, television in vivid hues was demonstrated to the press yesterday."
1940: Mexican Guillermo González Camarena develops an alternative color TV based on a rotating, mechanical wheel and files patent (US Patent: 2,296,019: Chromoscopic adapter for television equipment) in August 1941 (his Mexican patent application having been filed on August 19, 1940).
1954: RCA (Radio Corporation of America) sells the first color TVs on March 25, 1954.
1964: Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, produce the first plasma TV, based on a high-resolution computer display for a teaching system called PLATO.
1988: The Japanese Sharp Corporation releases the first commercial LCD television.
1990s: The first public HDTV (high-definition TV) broadcasts are made in the United States and Europe.
1999: Time magazine names Philo T. Farnsworth one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
2000s: Many countries switch from analog to digital TV. In the United States, for example, the changeover was completed in 2006, but some nations will not switch fully until well into the 2020s.
2007: Sony, another Japanese manufacturer, introduces the world's first OLED TV, the XEL-1, mainly as a "proof of concept." Even though the screen is a mere 28cm (11in), it sells for a whopping $2500.
2010–2017: Initial excitement over 3D TV
rapidly soon turns sour. In 2013, The New York Times declares it an "expensive flop." In 2017, leading manufacturers
LG, Sony, and Samsung abandon the technology.
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On this site
3D television
HDTV (high-definition television)
History of communication
IPTV (Internet Protocol Television)
LCD television
OLEDs and LEPs
Plasma televisions
Radio
Projection television
Websites
History
Television receivers: Photos and short descriptions of historic TVs from the UK's National Media Museum, Bradford.
Historical Periods in Television Technology: The US Government's FCC has a few illustrated pages on TV history. [Archived via the Wayback Machine.]
TV history: 75 years in the making: BBC News, February 6, 2001: Celebrating the 75th anniversary of the first Baird transmission.
His vision made television by Elliott Arnold, Popular Science, November 1940. A great historic article about Philo Farnsworth's invention of electronic TV.
Other interesting sites
Statistics on television and health: How many hours a week do people watch TV? These and other statistics compiled by Prof. Norman Herr, California State University.
Books
History
Television: A Biography by David Thomson. Thames and Hudson, 2016. A meaty biography of one of TV's pioneers.
John Logie Baird: A Life by Antony Kamm and Malcolm Baird. National Museum of Scotland, 2002. A meaty biography of one of TV's pioneers.
Television and Me by John Logie Baird and Malcolm Baird. Mercat Press, 2004. Baird's story in his own words.
The Last Lone Inventor: A Tale of Genius, Deceit, and the Birth of Television by Evan Schwartz. HarperCollins Perennial, 2003. Biography of Philo Farnsworth.
Philo T. Farnsworth: The Father of Television by Donald G. Godfrey. University of Utah Press, 2017. An alternative, scholarly biography.
Zworykin: Pioneer of Television by Albert Abramson. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Biography of another key player in TV history.
The History of Television:
1880–1941 and The History of Television: 1942–2000 by Albert Abramson. McFarland, 2007/2009. One of the most comprehensive accounts of TV history by a former CBS camera, video, and sound man.
TV technology
Television Production Handbook
by Herbert Zettl. Cengage, 2015. An easy-to-understand, up-to-date introduction for media students and industry professionals, with an emphasis on studio production.
Newnes Guide to Television and Video Technology by K. F. Ibrahim. Newnes, 2007. Covers how television works in detail, including the basics of broadcasting and color TV principles, and the latest technologies such as digital and HDTV, LCD, plasma, and DLP.
Television Technology Demystified: A Non-technical Guide by Aleksandar Louis Todorovic. Focal Press, 2006. A basic overview of TV technology geared to people who work in the TV industry, who don't necessarily want to understand everything in great technical detail.
For younger readers
The Boy Who Invented TV: The Story of Philo Farnsworth by Kathleen Krull. Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. A 32-page book for grades 2–5.
Behind the Scenes: Television by Sarah Medina. Wayland, 2013. Would you like to work in TV? This 32-page introduction explains how TV programs are researched, filmed, and broadcast, with an emphasis on jobs and careers. Ages 7–9.
Articles
Vladimir Kosma Zworykin (1889–1982): An obituary from The New York Times, August 1, 1982.
Philo T. Farnsworth, a Pioneer In Design of Television, Is Dead: Another TV pioneer's obituary from The New York Times, March 13, 1971.
Patents and Technical Progress—A Study of Television by W. Rupert Maclaurin. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 58, No. 2 (Apr., 1950), pp. 142–157. A detailed look at how RCA came to dominate the early years of TV by strategic use of its patents.
Patents
US Patent: 1,707,935: Television Apparatus by John Logie Baird, April 2, 1929. Baird's original rotating disc TV scanner.
US Patent: 1,773,980 A: Television System by Philo T. Farnsworth, August 26, 1930. The original Farnsworth electronic TV patent.
US Patent: 2,037,711: Method and Apparatus for Television by Philo T. Farnsworth, April 21, 1936. This later patent goes into more detail about image scanning and transmission.
US Patent: 2,141,059: Television System by Vladimir Zworykin, December 20, 1938. A detailed description of a typical 20th-century TV system using cathode-ray tubes for both the transmitter and receiver.
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